By Brittany Nawaqatabu
Today marks the 79th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 and the 39th anniversary of the Treaty of Rarotonga opening for signatures in 1985, as the world and region remember the horrors of nuclear weapons and stand in solidarity, there is still work to be done.
Cook Islands Prime Minister Mark Brown has stated that Japan’s discharge of treated nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean does not breach the Rarotonga Treaty which established a Nuclear-Free Zone in the South Pacific.
Civil Society groups who have been calling for Japan to stop the dumping in the Pacific Ocean, but Mark Brown who is also the chair of the Pacific Islands Forum and represents a country associated by name with the Rarotonga Treaty, has backtracked on both the efforts of PIFS and his own previous calls against it.
Brown states during the recent 10th Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting (PALM10) meeting in Tokyo that Pacific Island Leaders stress the importance of transparency and scientific evidence to ensure that Japan’s actions do not harm the environment or public health.
But, he also defended Japan saying that the wastewater, treated using the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) to remove most radioactive materials except tritium, meets the standard set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
“No, the water has been treated to remove harmful isotopes, so it’s well within the standard guidelines as outlined by the global authority on nuclear matters, the IAEA. Japan is complying with these guidelines in its discharge of wastewater into the ocean,” said Brown in an Island Business article.
The Cook Islands has consistently benefited from Japanese development grants, in 2021, Japan funded through the Asian Development Bank US$2 million grant from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, financed by the Government of Japan.
Together with US$500,000 of in-kind contribution from the Government of the Cook Islands, the grant funded the Supporting Safe Recovery of Travel and Tourism Project. Just this year Japan provided grants for the Puaikura Volunteer Fire Brigade Association totaling US$132,680 and a further US$ 53,925 for Aitutaki’s Vaitau School.
The Contradiction
In 2023, he said it placed a special obligation on Pacific Island States because of ’the long-term consequences for Pacific peoples’ health, environment and human rights. Pacific states, he said, have a legal obligation ‘to prevent the dumping of radioactive wastes and other radioactive matter by anyone’ and ‘to not… assist or encourage the dumping by anyone of radioactive wastes and other radioactive matter at sea anywhere within the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone.
“Our people do not have anything to gain from Japan’s plan but have much at risk for generations to come.” The Pacific Islands Forum went on further to state then that the issue was an “issue of significant transboundary and intergenerational harm”.
The Rarotonga Treaty, a Cold War-era agreement, prohibits nuclear weapons testing and deployment in the region, but it does not specifically address the discharge of the treated nuclear wastewater.
Pacific civil society organisations continue to condemn Japan’s dumping of nuclear-treated wastewater. Of its planned 1.3 million tonnes of nuclear-treated wastewater, the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) has conducted seven sets of dumping into the Pacific Ocean and is due to commence the eighth from the 7th to the 25th of August.
Regardless of the recommendations provided by the Pacific Island Forum’s special panel of experts and civil society calls to stop Japan and for PIF Leaders to suspend Japan’s dialogue partner status, the PIF Chair Mark Brown has ignored concerns by stating his support for Japan’s nuclear wastewater dumping plans.
This decision is being viewed by the international community as a contradiction of the Treaty of Rarotonga that symbolises a genuine collaborative endeavour from the Pacific region, born out of ten years of dedication from Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, the Cook Islands, and various other nations, all working together to establish a nuclear-free zone in the South Pacific.
Treaty Ratification
Bedi Racule from a Nuclear Justice Advocate said the Treaty of Rarotonga preamble has one of the most powerful statements in any treaty ever. It is the member states’ promise for a nuclear-free Pacific.
“The spirit of the Treaty is to protect the abundance and the beauty of the islands for future generations”, Racule said. She continued to state that it is vital to ensure that the technical aspects of the Treaty and the text from the preamble is visualised.
“We need to consistently look at this Treaty because of the ongoing nuclear threats that are happening”.
Racule shared that the Treaty does not address the modern issues that we are facing like the nuclear waste dumping, and stressed that there is a dire need to increase the solidarity and the universalisation of the Treaty.
“There is quite a large portion of the Pacific that is not signed onto the Treaty. There’s still work within the Treaty that needs to be ratified. It’s almost like a check mark that’s there but it’s not being attended to”.
Brittany Nawaqatabu is a graduate journalist and Media & communications assistant with the Pacific Network on Globalisation.
